Elements of camera

There are five elements to consider when using cinematography:
-Shot size/distance
-Angle
 -Focus
-Camera movement
 -Colour and stock

There are seven shot types:
-Extreme long shot (E.L.S)
-Long shot (L.S)
-Medium long shot (M.L.S)
-Medium shot (M.S)
-Medium close up (M.C.U)
-Close up (C.U)
-Extreme close up (E.C.U)

Extreme long shot (E.L.S)

This is an extreme long shot from the film A Ship Bound for India, it is an extreme long shot because we can see a small figure of what we can guess is the main character and we can also see surrounding of the scene being filmed. From this we get a verry clear image of the location in ehivh the character is but we don't get a clear image of the characters appearance.

Long Shot (L.S)

 This is a long shot from the film The new world, it is a long shot because it still shows the character in its surroundings but also the character is a lot closer to the camera in contrast to the extreme long shots. From this we can see the character much more clearly, so we get a better sense but also we can still see the surrounding which makes us have an idea in which he is during the still.

 Medium long shot (M.L.S): 

This is a medium long shot from the film It Rains On Our Love, it is a medium long shot because it still shows the whole body of the character but there are more characteristics that can be noticed from the shot. From this we can see the characters face and clothes more clearly which can give the viewers a more abstract knowledge on this character.

 Medium shot (M.S): 

 
This is a medium shot from the film A Serious Man, it is a medium shot because it shows round about the waist to the head of the body. From this we can see much more the clothing and expression of face from the character which can give the viewers an insight to the characters lifestyle and feelings.

 Medium close up (M.C.U): 

 
This is a medium close up from the film Synecdoche, New york, it is medium close up because it shows from round the midle of the chest to the head. From this the viewers get a much clearer view on the characters face expressions, so we get an idea of his feelings.

 Close up (C.U): 

 
This is a close up from the film Le Fabuleux Destin d’Amélie Poulain, it is a close up because it shows from the shoulders to the head, this is used to show the emotion and feeling of the character. From this we can also go into the thoughts of the character shown.

 Extreme close up (E.C.U): 

 
This is an extreme close up from the film Rumble Fish, it is an extreme close up because it shows what the camera is focussing on in the still. From this the viewers understand what the film makers want us to focus on and also we we can see what the character is feeling through his face expression.  

Two shot: 

 
This is a two shot from the film The Dark Knight, it is a two shot because we can see form the still two people. From this it makes the viewers understand that these people know each other or are going to meet in the future.

Over the shoulder shot (O.T.S):

   

 This is an over the shoulder shot from the film Amour, it is an over the shoulder shot because we can see a character from over the shoulder. From this it helps the viewers put the characters in there situation, normally this shot is when two characters are having a conversation. Angle There are three different camera angles: -Low angle -High angle -Canted angle.

 Low angle:

 
This is a low angle shot from the film The Girl with the Dragon Tatoo, it is a low angle shot because it makes the character increase in height due to the angle in which it is placed, it also makes the character look more powerful and superior.

 High angle: 

This a high angle shot from the film I Am Love, it is high angle shot because the camera is higher than the character and this can make the the character look small and weak.

Canted angle: 

 
This is a canted angle from the film Slumdog Millionaire, it is a canted angle shot because the still is kind of shot horizontally, this can indicate from the shot that there could be chaos and violence.

Focus Shallow depth of field: 

 
This is a shallow depth of field from the film Silent Light, it is a shallow depth of field because whenever either of the background or the foreground are sharp or soft. This makes the viewers see what is important in the still.

 Deep focus: 

 
This is a deep focus from the film Skyfall, it is a deep focus because because the background and foreground is sharp. This could suggest that the whole of the still is important for the viewers to see.

Camera movement 

There are 8 different types of camera movement: -Tilt -Pan -Push-in/Pull-Out/Dolly -Track -Handheld -Steadicam -Crane -Helicopter 

Pan Pan: A pan is a movement around a point horizontally.
Tilt Tilt: A tilt is a movement around a point vertically.
Dolly movement:  This is the pushing in and out of the camera, this is known as dollying.
There is also the process of when the camera moves across the scene, this is known as tracking shot. Handheld: This is the process of when someone is holding the camera and following the character that is being filmed. This is used to make it seem more real and it makes the viewers be more involved in whatever is happening.
Steadicam:  This is a camera that is attached ton the body of the person that is filming, this makes the picture seem very slightly wavy and this disables the camera from shaking.
Helicopter:  This is filmed from high up (aerial view), this takes the viewer out of the normal perspective of view and enables them to see the surrounding from high up.
Crane:This is generally used at the opening or ending of a scene to express the action. This starts usually from either an extreme long shot to a close up or vice versa.

Camera Mise- En- Scene applied to a movie clip

The use of framing enables the director to show all the elements needed that is important for the viewers. Generally, this is used to give out important information. From this clip we can see three characters, the viewers can guess that the women and one of the men are characters that are trying to defeat the bad guy to be able to succeed in what he has to do. The use of composition (balanced and imbalanced) shows the placement of the elements within a frame, this is used so that the viewers can see the perspective of how the director wants us to see the scene and it also  makes it seem improvised and more verisimilitude. The use of setting transmits to the viewers the location in which the characters are in, this clip shows the chase between three characters and it shows the movement from house to house. Filming on location can increase the verisimilitude in contrast to shooting in a studio. The use of lighting can show the viewers what the director wants us to see that is important. From this clip lighting is used as naturalistic , this shows the natural lighting and makes it more verisimilitude. The use of props gives the viewers an idea of location/ time etc... From the clip the use of props such as the guns represent the mood of fear and violence. The use of costumes can signify many things about a character. From this clip the characters are wearing ordinary clothes, this is used to show that the director dosen't want the characters to show their different identities. Performances of the actors are the most important factor for films, in this clip there is no talking so the actors use body language and and reactions to situations in order to convey feeling.

The characters that represent Prop's theory (Percy Jackson)

The Hero

This is a photo of Percy Jackson who is the hero of the film and also the main character. He has to overcome obstacles in order to succeed his quests.

The false character

 
This is a photo of Luke who is the false character in the film. He tries to take credit for what Percy does and tricks everyone by making them think he is a good character.

The Vilain

     
This is a photo of Kronos who is the villain in the film. He puts obstacles in front of Percy to try and him from succeeding.

The Helpers

This is a photo of Anabeth and Grover, they are the helpers. They always go on the quests with Percy in order to protect and help him with his missions.

The Donor

This is a picture of Chiron who is The donor in the film. He gives Percy this pen which can transform to a sword, this enables him to concor the obsticles that stand before him.

Propp's theory and characters

Prop was a Russian writer and his theories were generally about Russian stories. In his stories he would always include eight character types:

The Hero: Generally the main character, who will have to pass obsticals in order to persist in what he has to do.

The False Hero: The character that takes praise for what the hero did.

The Helper: The character that will generally always be with the hero in order to suceed.

The Villain: The character that is trying to prevent the hero from acheiving his goals.

The Donor: The character that helps the hero by giving him something that will enable the main character to accomplish what he wants.

The Dispatcher: The character that makes the vilain known by others and sends the hero off.

Film synopsis

James is just an ordinary guy who gets on with his life without getting in anyones way. That all changed when he bought a laptop off ebay. James was exploring his new laptop when he finds an encrypted file in the operating system. James rings his friend CJ who says he can unlock it. After uncovering the information on the laptop bad things start to happen to james. He constantly has to stay one step ahead of a criminal organisation whilst trying to figure out what the government has got themselves into. After dodging hitmen for a number of weeks James manages to get on a flight to america but is that the end of his troubles...

Todorov's theory represented in a movie

The Midnight Express

In the film The Midnight Express, it starts off with this normal guy who has a girlfriend and had just gone on a trip to Turkey, this would be the equilibrium. He tries to smuggle drugs from Turkey back to America by plane, he gets caught and is taken to court, this would be the significant event. When the judge decides that he should go to prison and his dad tries to get him out, he realises that there is no chance, he tries to find ways to get out of the prison. This would be the disequilibrium. Near to the end of the film when him and the Boss of the prison are fighting for his life or death, this would be the climax. In the last scene, the main character manages to kill the the boss, escape the prison and go back to America safely, this would be the new equilibrium.