Elements of camera

There are five elements to consider when using cinematography:
-Shot size/distance
-Angle
 -Focus
-Camera movement
 -Colour and stock

There are seven shot types:
-Extreme long shot (E.L.S)
-Long shot (L.S)
-Medium long shot (M.L.S)
-Medium shot (M.S)
-Medium close up (M.C.U)
-Close up (C.U)
-Extreme close up (E.C.U)

Extreme long shot (E.L.S)

This is an extreme long shot from the film A Ship Bound for India, it is an extreme long shot because we can see a small figure of what we can guess is the main character and we can also see surrounding of the scene being filmed. From this we get a verry clear image of the location in ehivh the character is but we don't get a clear image of the characters appearance.

Long Shot (L.S)

 This is a long shot from the film The new world, it is a long shot because it still shows the character in its surroundings but also the character is a lot closer to the camera in contrast to the extreme long shots. From this we can see the character much more clearly, so we get a better sense but also we can still see the surrounding which makes us have an idea in which he is during the still.

 Medium long shot (M.L.S): 

This is a medium long shot from the film It Rains On Our Love, it is a medium long shot because it still shows the whole body of the character but there are more characteristics that can be noticed from the shot. From this we can see the characters face and clothes more clearly which can give the viewers a more abstract knowledge on this character.

 Medium shot (M.S): 

 
This is a medium shot from the film A Serious Man, it is a medium shot because it shows round about the waist to the head of the body. From this we can see much more the clothing and expression of face from the character which can give the viewers an insight to the characters lifestyle and feelings.

 Medium close up (M.C.U): 

 
This is a medium close up from the film Synecdoche, New york, it is medium close up because it shows from round the midle of the chest to the head. From this the viewers get a much clearer view on the characters face expressions, so we get an idea of his feelings.

 Close up (C.U): 

 
This is a close up from the film Le Fabuleux Destin d’Amélie Poulain, it is a close up because it shows from the shoulders to the head, this is used to show the emotion and feeling of the character. From this we can also go into the thoughts of the character shown.

 Extreme close up (E.C.U): 

 
This is an extreme close up from the film Rumble Fish, it is an extreme close up because it shows what the camera is focussing on in the still. From this the viewers understand what the film makers want us to focus on and also we we can see what the character is feeling through his face expression.  

Two shot: 

 
This is a two shot from the film The Dark Knight, it is a two shot because we can see form the still two people. From this it makes the viewers understand that these people know each other or are going to meet in the future.

Over the shoulder shot (O.T.S):

   

 This is an over the shoulder shot from the film Amour, it is an over the shoulder shot because we can see a character from over the shoulder. From this it helps the viewers put the characters in there situation, normally this shot is when two characters are having a conversation. Angle There are three different camera angles: -Low angle -High angle -Canted angle.

 Low angle:

 
This is a low angle shot from the film The Girl with the Dragon Tatoo, it is a low angle shot because it makes the character increase in height due to the angle in which it is placed, it also makes the character look more powerful and superior.

 High angle: 

This a high angle shot from the film I Am Love, it is high angle shot because the camera is higher than the character and this can make the the character look small and weak.

Canted angle: 

 
This is a canted angle from the film Slumdog Millionaire, it is a canted angle shot because the still is kind of shot horizontally, this can indicate from the shot that there could be chaos and violence.

Focus Shallow depth of field: 

 
This is a shallow depth of field from the film Silent Light, it is a shallow depth of field because whenever either of the background or the foreground are sharp or soft. This makes the viewers see what is important in the still.

 Deep focus: 

 
This is a deep focus from the film Skyfall, it is a deep focus because because the background and foreground is sharp. This could suggest that the whole of the still is important for the viewers to see.

Camera movement 

There are 8 different types of camera movement: -Tilt -Pan -Push-in/Pull-Out/Dolly -Track -Handheld -Steadicam -Crane -Helicopter 

Pan Pan: A pan is a movement around a point horizontally.
Tilt Tilt: A tilt is a movement around a point vertically.
Dolly movement:  This is the pushing in and out of the camera, this is known as dollying.
There is also the process of when the camera moves across the scene, this is known as tracking shot. Handheld: This is the process of when someone is holding the camera and following the character that is being filmed. This is used to make it seem more real and it makes the viewers be more involved in whatever is happening.
Steadicam:  This is a camera that is attached ton the body of the person that is filming, this makes the picture seem very slightly wavy and this disables the camera from shaking.
Helicopter:  This is filmed from high up (aerial view), this takes the viewer out of the normal perspective of view and enables them to see the surrounding from high up.
Crane:This is generally used at the opening or ending of a scene to express the action. This starts usually from either an extreme long shot to a close up or vice versa.